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Explanation: Acid rain is caused by sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from burning fossil fuels reacting with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids.

Explanation: Carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by burning fossil fuels is the primary human-caused contributor to global warming. Though less potent than methane, it persists longer in the atmosphere.

Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth, including diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. High biodiversity indicates a healthy ecosystem.

Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once used in refrigerants and aerosols, are the main cause of ozone depletion. UV radiation breaks them down to release chlorine atoms that destroy ozone molecules.

Explanation: The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases (CO2, methane, water vapor etc.) in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun, warming the Earth's surface. Human activities have enhanced this effect.