Where is the permanent general secretariat of the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement based?

Explanation: The permanent general secretariat of the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement is based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with the first Secretary-General drawn from Pakistan. The structure includes a ministers' committee alongside political and military committees to oversee implementation, mirroring NATO's institutional design. For CSS International Relations, aspirants should be able to compare this emerging trilateral architecture with the Gulf Cooperation Council Joint Defence Agreement of 2000 and the Arab League's 1950 Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty.