🏛️ Medieval History

Explanation: The Black Death (bubonic plague) struck Europe most severely between 1347-1351 in the 14th century, killing an estimated 30-60% of Europe's population.

Explanation: Constantinople (modern Istanbul, Turkey) was the capital of the Ottoman Empire from 1453 until the empire's dissolution in 1922. It was conquered by Sultan Mehmed II in 1453.

Explanation: The Magna Carta was signed by King John of England in 1215. It was a landmark document that limited royal power and laid the foundation for constitutional governance and rule of law.

Explanation: Genghis Khan (c.1162-1227) was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire in history. He united the Mongol tribes and conquered vast territories.

Explanation: The Crusades (1096-1291) were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Catholic Church, aimed at recovering the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from Muslim rule.