🏛️ History

Explanation: Lord Louis Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India. He oversaw the transfer of power and the partition of British India into the independent nations of India and Pakistan on August 14-15, 1947.

Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (1817-1898) is credited with first articulating the Two-Nation Theory, arguing that Hindus and Muslims were two distinct nations with different customs, religion and traditions.

Explanation: The War of 1857 is also called the Sepoy Mutiny (by the British) or the First War of Indian Independence (by Indians). It was a major uprising against British rule, which led to the end of the East India Company.

Explanation: The British East India Company was founded in 1600 by royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I. It became a dominant commercial and political force in the Indian subcontinent.

Explanation: Babur (1483-1530) founded the Mughal Empire in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan.

Explanation: Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer sailing for Spain, is credited with discovering the Americas for Europeans in 1492, landing in the Bahamas. However, indigenous peoples had lived there for millennia.

Explanation: The Berlin Wall fell on November 9, 1989, leading to German reunification in 1990. The Wall had divided East and West Berlin since 1961.

Explanation: The Cold War (1947-1991) was a state of geopolitical tension between the USA and the Soviet Union (USSR). It featured an arms race, space race and proxy wars but no direct military conflict.

Explanation: The French Revolution began in 1789, marked by the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789. It ended the monarchy and led to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Explanation: World War I began on July 28, 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914.